Warnings and Definitions
READ ALL WARNINGS BEFORE USING THIS CATALOG! Failure to follow warnings and instructions may result in serious injury or death. Anyone using this publication must read and understand and all warnings and other information contained within. The following applies to all products in this catalog.
LANDMANN WIRE ROPE PRODUCTS, INC. assumes no responsibility for the use or misapplication of any product sold by this firm. Responsibility for design and use decisions rests with the user. All products are sold with the express understanding that the purchaser is thoroughly familiar with the correct application and safe use of same. USE ALL PRODUCTS PROPERLY, IN A SAFE MANNER AND FOR THE APPLICATION WHICH THEY ARE INTENDED.
WORKING LOAD LIMIT: This is the term used throughout the catalog. There are, however, other terms used in the industry which are interchangeable with the term WORKING LOAD LIMIT. These are WLL, SWL, SAFE WORKING LOAD, RATED LOAD VALUE, RESULTING SAFE WORKING LOAD, and RATED CAPACITY.
NEVER EXCEED THE WORKING LOAD LIMIT The Working Load limit is the maximum load which should ever be applied to a product, even when the product is new and when the load is uniformly applied -straight line pull only. AVOID SIDE LOADING. All catalog ratings are based upon usual environmental conditions, and consideration must be given to unusual conditions such as extreme high or low temperatures, chemical solutions or vapors, prolonged immersion in salt water, etc. Such conditions or high risk applications may necessitate reducing the Working Load limit. WORKING LOAD LIMIT WILL NOT APPLY IF PRODUCT HAS BEEN WELDED OR OTHERWISE MODIFIED. It should also be noted that it is the responsibility of the ultimate user to determine a Working Load limit for each application.
MATCHING OF COMPONENTS Components must match. Make certain that components such as hooks, links, or shackles, etc. used with wire rope (or chain or cordage) are of suitable material size and strength to provide adequate safety protection. Attachments must be properly installed and must have a Working Load Limit at least equal to the product with which they are used. Remember, chain is only as strong as its weakest link.
RAISED LOADS KEEP OUT FROM UNDER A RAISED LOAD. Take notice of the recommendation from the National Safety Council Accident Prevention Manual concerning all lifting operations -.’All employees working at cranes or hoists or assisting in hooking or arranging a load should be instructed to keep out from under the load. From a safety standpoint, one factor is paramount to know: conduct all lifting operations in such a manner that if there were an equipment failure, no personnel would be injured. This means keep out from under a raised load and keep out of the line of force of any load. “DO NOT OPERATE A LOAD OVER PEOPLE. DO NOT RIDE ON LOADS”
SHOCK LOADS Avoid impacting, jerking or swinging of load as the Working Load limit could be exceeded and the Working Load limit will not apply. A shock load is generally significantly greater than a static load. AVOID SHOCK LOADS.
INSPECT PRODUCTS REGULARLY No product can keep operating at its rated capacity indefinitely. Period inspections help determine when to replace a product and reduce rigging hazards. Check for visible damage, cracks, wear, elongation, rust, etc. When in doubt about the extent of the damage, retire the item in question immediately.
DESTROY RATHER THAN DISCARD, ITEMS THAT HAVE BEEN JUDGED DEFECTIVE They might be used again by someone not aware of the hazard or the defect.
REMEMBER: ANY PRODUCT WILL BREAK IF ABUSED, MISUSED, OVERUSED OR NOT MAINTAINED PROPERLY. Such breaks can cause loads to fall or swing out of control, possibly resulting in serious injury or death as well as major property damage.
INSPECT PRODUCTS REGULARLY
MATCH COMPONENTS PROPERLY
KEEP OUT FROM UNDER A RAISED LOAD
AVOID SHOCK LOADS
INSPECT PRODUCTS REGULARLY
DEFINITIONS: Information in this catalog is subject to change, all weights and dimensions are approximate. Ratings are stated In short tons {2,000 Ibs.) or pounds. All dimensions are in inches; all weights are in pounds, unless stated otherwise.
WORKING LOAD LIMIT (WLL) The Working Load Limit is the maximum load which should ever be applied to the product, even when the product is new and when the load is uniformly applied -straight line pull only. AVOID SIDE LOADING. All catalog ratings are based upon usual environmental condition and consideration must be given to unusual conditions such as extreme high heat or low temperatures, chemical solutions or vapors, prolonged immersion in salt water, etc. NEVER EXCEED THE WORKING LOAD LIMIT.
REGULAR INSPECTIONS Inspect products regularly for visible damage, cracks, wear, elongation, rust, etc. Protect all products from corrosion. The need for periodic inspections cannot be overemphasized. No product can keep operating at its rated capacity indefinitely. Periodic inspections help determine when to replace a product and reduce rigging hazards. Keep inspection records to help pinpoint problems and to ensure periodic inspection intervals.
Due to the diversity of the products involved and used to which they can be put, it would be counterproductive to make blanket recommendations for inspection procedures and frequency. Best results will be achieved when qualified personnel base their decisions on information from rigging and engineering manuals and on experience from actual use in the field.
Frequency of inspection will depend on environmental conditions, application storage of product prior to use, frequency of use, etc. When in doubt, inspect products prior to each use. Carefully check each item for wear, deformation, cracks or elongation -a sure sign of imminent failure, immediately withdraw such items from service.
Rust damage is another potential hazard. When in doubt about the extent of corrosion or other damage, withdraw the items from service. Destroy, rather than discard, items that have been judged defective. Someone not aware of the hazard involved might use them again.
PROOF TEST LOAD (PROOF LOAD) The term “Proof Test” designated a quality control test applied to the product for the sole purpose of detecting defects in material or manufacture. The Proof Test Load (usually twice the Working Load Limit) is the load, which the product withstood without deformation when new and under laboratory test conditions. A constantly increasing force is applied in direct line to the product at a uniform rate of speed on a standard pull-testing machine. The Proof Test Load does not mean the Working Load Limit should ever be exceeded.
BREAKING STRENGTH / ULTIMATE STRENGTH Do not use breaking strength as a criterion for service or design purposes. Refer to the Working Load Limit instead. Breaking Strength is the average force at which the product, in the condition it would leave the factory, has been found by representative testing to break, when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct line to the product at a uniform rate of speed on a standard pull testing machine. Proof testing to twice the Working Load Limit does not apply to hand-spliced slings. REMEMBER: Breaking Strengths, when published, were obtained under controlled laboratory conditions. Listing of the Breaking Strength does not mean the Working Load Limit should ever be exceeded.
DESIGN FACTOR (sometimes referred to as safety factor) An industry term usually computed by dividing the catalog Breaking Strength by the Catalog Working Load Limit and generally expressed as a ratio. For example: 5 to 1.
SHOCK LOAD A load resulting from rapid change of movement, such as impacting, jerking, or swinging of a static load. Sudden release of tension is another form of shock loading. Shock loads are generally significantly greater than static loads. Any shock loading must be considered when selecting the item for use in a system. AVOID SHOCK LOADS AS THEY MAY EXCEED THE WORKING LOAD LIMIT.